World Marxist Review Problems of Peace and Socialism
 Soviet stamp, commemorating the 30th anniversary of Bug of Peace and Socialism | |
| Language | 41 languages |
|---|---|
| Edited by | Soviet master editor, appointed past the Information Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
| Publication details | |
| History | September 1958 – June 1990 |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Standard abbreviations ISO 4 (alt)· Bluebook (alt1· alt2) NLM (alt)· MathSciNet (alt  ) | |
| ISO 4 | Probl. Peace Social. |
| Indexing CODEN· JSTOR (alt)· LCCN (alt) MIAR· NLM (alt)· Scopus | |
| ISSN | 0043-8642 (print) 0266-867X (web) |
The seat of the editorial office in the building of the archbishop'south seminary in Prague at ul. Thákurova 3
Issues of Peace and Socialism (September 1958–June 1990, Russian: Проблемы мира и социализма), as well unremarkably known as Globe Marxist Review (WMR), the proper noun of its English-linguistic communication edition, was a monthly theoretical journal containing jointly-produced content past Communist and workers' parties from around the world.
The magazine was a subsidized publication of the Information Department of the Communist Political party of the Soviet Union, which maintained command over content through appointment of a Soviet chief editor throughout the publication's unabridged duration.
The offices of WMR were based in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Each edition of the magazine had a circulation of above half a million, being read in some 145 countries.[1] At its height, WMR appeared in 41 languages, and editors from 69 communist parties effectually the world worked at its part in Prague.
History [edit]
Background [edit]
The Communist International (Comintern) was established in Moscow in March 1919 and about immediately began the regular production of a theoretical journal for members of its affiliated organizations, with the first upshot of the magazine The Communist International appearing dated May Day of that aforementioned year.[2] This publication helped to advance news and theoretical ideas across national boundaries and to unify political campaigns, with an article in the first outcome declaring that the journal should become a "constant companion" and source of guidance for its readers.[3] The magazine was initially produced in 4 parallel editions — Russian, German language, French, and English[ii] — and remained in product until the abrupt termination of the Comintern due to wartime political exigencies in 1943.
Post-obit the end of the Second World War and the wartime alliance between the Soviet Union and the Centrolineal powers of the United States, U.k., and France, a new Cold War erupted. The globe Communist movement, headed by the USSR, reorganized itself as the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) in 1947, an institution which attempted to restore the centralized broadcasting of news, ideas, and political activities under a new imprint. The Cominform likewise had its official organ, the weekly newspaper For a Lasting Peace, for a People's Democracy, which closely paralleled the before Comintern magazine in function if not form. This newspaper remained in production until 1956, when the and so-called "Secret Speech" of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev led to a restructuring of the globe Communist movement which concluded the Cominform.
A new effort at joint international activity would begin the post-obit twelvemonth.
Establishment [edit]
The idea of launching a joint ideological monthly publication was raised at the 1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties. The get-go issue of Problems of Peace and Socialism/World Marxist Review was issued in September 1958. At the start, WMR was published in Russian, High german, English, French, Hungarian, Polish, Chinese, Albanian, Vietnamese, Bulgarian, Romanian, Korean, Czech, Mongolian, Castilian, Italian, Dutch, Swedish and Japanese.[4]
In some ways WMR represented a continuation of the Cominform organ For a Lasting Peace, for People'southward Republic. WMR was supposed to play an important function in formulating a joint political line of the communist parties of the Socialist Bloc. Still, it never actually came to fill the function of being an intra-Bloc organ, simply was rather used past not-ruling communist parties.[4]
In May 1989. Soviet defector Evgenii Novikov, a former staff member of Problems of Peace and Socialism/World Marxist Review, said that the publication was a sponsored initiative of the International Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Matrimony.[5]
Evolution [edit]
In the wake of the Sino-Soviet split, the Albanian edition was canceled in 1962, followed by the Chinese and Korean editions in 1963.[iv] Meanwhile, a Greek edition was started in Cyprus in 1962, a Portuguese in Brazil in the same year and a Sinhala edition was launched in Ceylon in 1965. During the same menstruum, new distribution centres were prepare in Switzerland, Uruguay, Mexico, Chile and Argentina.[iv]
The costs for the printing of the magazine were mainly covered by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Communist parties from East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Republic of hungary, Romania, Republic of bulgaria and Mongolia also contributed. Around one-half of the 400 strong staff were from the Soviet Union.[vi] Until its final stage chief editor of the magazine likewise every bit one of two executive secretaries were Soviets, with the 2nd executive secretarial assistant position traditionally held past a Czechoslovak in apparent deference to the magazine's Prague editorial location.[7] These three individuals were described in the magazine as "the core of the Editorial Function" and together with a carefully selected Editorial Board served to maintain pro-Soviet ideological consistency of the journal's content.[7]
Ideological orthodoxy was maintained throughout the decades of the 1960s and 1970s, with the sole possible exception of 1968, when an issue was skipped and a main editor removed following the August Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia.[7] The magazine's content was managed by a 65-member Editorial Council, divided into diverse content-related commissions.[eight] In the heart 1980s there were 10 such content commissions, including commissions related to affairs of the Soviet Wedlock and other nations of the Warsaw Pact; adult non-communist countries of the Europe and North America; the countries of Asia and Africa; the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean area; the world peace move; the topic of science and culture, among others.[eight]
As the Brezhnev period drew to a close in that location were some 75 national editions of Problems of Peace and Socialism being published in 40 languages, with distribution taking identify in 145 countries.[vii]
Activities [edit]
In improver to publication of the theoretical periodical itself, the Prague editorial office of Problems of Peace and Socialism served as a nexus for the sponsorship or co-sponsorship of diverse international conferences, including big events held in Sofia, Bulgaria in Dec 1978 and East Berlin in October 1980.[8] In the view of scholars these events served equally de facto substitutes for previous international congresses of the Comintern and Cominform, gathering representatives of various national communist and anti-colonial political parties for the adaptation of policy.[viii]
A similar conference was held in Prague in November 1981, attended by representatives of 90 political parties, ostensibly to discuss the piece of work of the magazine.[8] This gathering was marked by explicit criticism on the part of the Japanese delegation which challenged tight Soviet control of the magazine — a position said by the Japanese delegation to be backed by the Eurocommunist parties of Italy, Espana, Neat Britain, and Belgium.[8] The Japanese Communist Party in fact went and so far as to call for the dissolution of the magazine itself.[8]
Problems of Peace and Socialism was too an important conduit of information between Communist parties near the ongoing activities of various front groups of the international movement, including the World Peace Council (WPC), the Globe Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), the Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF), the Globe Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY), the International Union of Students (IUS), the Afro-Asian People's Solidarity System (AAPSO), the International Clan of Autonomous Lawyers (IADL), the Globe Federation of Scientific Workers (WFSW), and the International System of Journalists (IOJ).[9]
Final catamenia (1988-1990) [edit]
With the ascent to power of Mikhail Gorbachev in the USSR, Problems of Peace and Socialism began to gain notoriety as an incubator of the liberalization known as perestroika. Several of Gorbachev's top advisors on his reforms (such as Gennadi Gerasimov, Georgy Shakhnazarov, Yevgeny Ambartsumov, Anatoly Chernyaev, Georgy Arbatov, Aleksandr Tsipko, Yegor Yakovlev, Ivan Frolov had worked on the staff of the magazine in Prague.
In August 1988 a new publication entitled Showtime Paw Information: Communists and Revolutionary Democrats of the Earth Presenting Their Parties was launched by Peace and Socialism Publishers, formal publisher of Problems of Peace and Socialism. [10] Shortly thereafter information technology was appear that the publishing firm'south longtime auxiliary magazine defended to publication of official Communist Political party statements, Data Bulletin, was being discontinued.[10]
Towards the end of 1989, at that place were precipitous changes in the editorial policy at WMR. Articles written by critics of the traditional Soviet organization such as Zbigniew Brzezinski, Alexander Dubček, Milovan Đilas and Andrei D. Sakharov began to appear in the magazine'south pages as a foil for discussion and debate.[6]
The last issue of the publication was a combined No. v-6 dated "May–June 1990."[eleven] Despite vigorous fence and a multiplicity of viewpoints that rendered World Marxist Review a more interesting publication, officials at the magazine claimed that apportionment of the publication had fallen from its peak level of 500,000 to "zero" and the mag was abruptly terminated.[11]
The immediate cause of the magazine's demise seems to accept been a loss of subsidies, which had fallen by 1990 to just the Soviet and Mongolian Communist Parties.[half dozen] [12] The skeleton staff defaulted to Czech leadership, with Lubomír Molnar assuming the editorship early on in 1990, becoming the showtime not-Soviet editor-in-principal of the publication.[11] Post-obit the magazine's closure the Roman Catholic church reclaimed the building where the WMR editorial office had been located.[6]
The terminal editor, Molnar, tried unsuccessfully to negotiate remodeling the Peace and Socialism International Publishers venture into a broader leftwing publishing house. The visitor was to be renamed "Patria."[6]
Editors [edit]
Aleksey Rumyantsev was the first editor, and served in the position until 1964. Later Rumyantsev, M. P. Frantov (rector of the Academy of Social Sciences) took over the editorship.[4]
In 1986 Aleksandr M. Subbotin, who was likewise a member of the Auditing Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Wedlock, became editor of WMR. [1]
Editorial lath [edit]
In 1987, editors from parties of the following countries comprised its editorial board:[13]
Languages [edit]
At its height, WMR appeared in 41 languages. In 1987, it appeared in the post-obit languages:[13]
- Arabic
- Bengali
- Bulgarian
- Czech
- Danish
- English
- Finnish
- French
- German
- Greek
- Gujarati
- Hebrew
- Hindi
- Hungarian
- Indonesian
- Italian
- Japanese
- Malayalam
- Mongolian
- Norwegian
- Odia
- Persian
- Polish
- Portuguese
- Punjabi
- Romanian
- Russian
- Sinhala
- Spanish
- Swedish
- Tagalog
- Tamil
- Telugu
- Turkish
- Vietnamese
Footnotes [edit]
- ^ a b Richard Felix Staar, Foreign Policies of the Soviet Union. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Printing, 1991; pp. 33, 93.
- ^ a b James Due west. Hulse, The Forming of the Communist International. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1964; pg. 27.
- ^ Hugo Eberlein in Die Kommunistische Internationale (Petrograd), No. 1 (May one, 1919), cols. 68-69. Quoted in Hulse, The Forming of the Communist International, pg. 28.
- ^ a b c d e Zbigniew Brzezinski, The Soviet Bloc: Unity and Conflict. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1967; pg. 475.
- ^ Washington Times, May 3, 1989, cited in Wallace H. Spaulding, "International Communist Organizations: World Marxist Review," in Richard F. Staar (ed.), 1990 Yearbook on International Communist Affairs: Parties and Revolutionary Movements. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1990; p. 499.
- ^ a b c d east Henry Kamm "Development in Europe: With Nonreaders Gone, Marxism's Journal Fails," New York Times, July iii, 1990.
- ^ a b c d Richard F. Staar (ed.), "International Communist Organizations," in 1984 Yearbook on International Communist Affairs. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1984; pg. 426.
- ^ a b c d due east f k "International Communist Organizations," in Staar (ed.), 1984 Yearbook on International Communist Affairs, pg. 427.
- ^ "International Communist Organizations," in Staar (ed.), 1984 Yearbook on International Communist Affairs, pp. 428-434.
- ^ a b Spaulding, "International Communist Organizations: World Marxist Review," in Staar (ed.), 1990 Yearbook on International Communist Affairs, pp. 499-500.
- ^ a b c Wallace H. Spaulding, "International Communist Organizations," in Richard F. Staar and Margit Northward. Gregory (eds.), 1991 Yearbook on International Communist Affairs: Parties and Revolutionary Movements. Stanford, CA: Hoover Establishment Press, 1991; pp. 437-438.
- ^ Staar, Richard F.; Grigory, Margit N., eds. (1991). "Yearbook on International Communist Affairs". Yearbook on International Communist Affairs : Parties and Revolutionary Movements. The states: Hoover Establishment on State of war, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University: x1iii 0-8179-9161-i. ISSN 0084-4101. LCCN 67-31024.
- ^ a b World Marxist Review, vol. 30, November 1987, ISSN 0266-867X, retrieved 7 July 2020
External links [edit]
- Annal of the English-language edition
- Archive of the Persian-language edition
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problems_of_Peace_and_Socialism
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